Free Essays on Africa Conflicts

Resolution 1. The economic recovery and development of Africa has been a priority concern for the United Nations since the mid-1980s when the United Nations Programme of Action for African Economic Recovery and Development 1/ was launched. In addition, the United Nations-New Agenda for the Development of Africa in the 1990s, 2/ which followed in 1991, and the United Nations Systemnwide Special Initiative for the Implementation of the United Nations-New Agenda for the Development of Africa in the 1990s combined with other activities in the areas of peacemaking and peacekeeping and humanitarian assistance to further emphasize the commitment of the international community and the United Nations to help create an enabling environment for development. 2. In considering the item entitled "Development of Africa: implementation and coordinated follow-up by the United Nations system of initiatives on African development" during its coordination segment of 1999, the Economic and Social Council reaffirms the importance of United Nations participation in the development of Africa and underscores its intention to ensure that all United Nations initiatives on Africa and those of other multilateral and bilateral donors are maximized for the benefit of the African people. 3. The Council again welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa (A/52/871-S/1998/318). The Council restates its strong support for the link made by the Secretary-General in his report between peace, democracy, human rights and development. The Council reiterates the importance of a stable and predictable political and economic environment for local and foreign investment and other international financial flows, which remain essential for Africa's economic and social development. 4. The Council takes note of the recent spurt of economic growth and development in Africa. While re... Free Essays on Africa Conflicts Free Essays on Africa Conflicts Resolution 1. The economic recovery and development of Africa has been a priority concern for the United Nations since the mid-1980s when the United Nations Programme of Action for African Economic Recovery and Development 1/ was launched. In addition, the United Nations-New Agenda for the Development of Africa in the 1990s, 2/ which followed in 1991, and the United Nations Systemnwide Special Initiative for the Implementation of the United Nations-New Agenda for the Development of Africa in the 1990s combined with other activities in the areas of peacemaking and peacekeeping and humanitarian assistance to further emphasize the commitment of the international community and the United Nations to help create an enabling environment for development. 2. In considering the item entitled "Development of Africa: implementation and coordinated follow-up by the United Nations system of initiatives on African development" during its coordination segment of 1999, the Economic and Social Council reaffirms the importance of United Nations participation in the development of Africa and underscores its intention to ensure that all United Nations initiatives on Africa and those of other multilateral and bilateral donors are maximized for the benefit of the African people. 3. The Council again welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa (A/52/871-S/1998/318). The Council restates its strong support for the link made by the Secretary-General in his report between peace, democracy, human rights and development. The Council reiterates the importance of a stable and predictable political and economic environment for local and foreign investment and other international financial flows, which remain essential for Africa's economic and social development. 4. The Council takes note of the recent spurt of economic growth and development in Africa. While re...

Integrated Marketing Communications Build A Cross-Team Campaign

Integrated Marketing Communications Build A Cross-Team Campaign So you need to launch a brand new marketing campaign. Usually, these campaigns entail multiple moving pieces, a plethora of different channels, and a lot of contributors. The best approach to take is usually an integrated one i.e. integrated marketing communications. Your team will entail: A Graphic Design team to  help you attract your prospects with an amazing experience. Public Relations to help you communicate with + notify your fans and stakeholders. An Advertising team to help you introduce your campaign to thousands of NEW prospects. A Multimedia team to help you reach your audience well beyond the written word (think webinars, podcasts, videos, and beyond). A Social Media team to help you spread the word to your existing community of loyal fans. Product Marketing to help you connect the dots between the prospects you attract and the product or service youre ultimately selling. As wells as your own marketing team to  manage everything behind the scenes + make sure you hit every deadline. ^^^ I bet that just felt daunting. I know. Ive been there in a past life. So the questions become: How can you possibly get every teams management on board to collaborate across these teams most effectively? How can you get the time from the talent you need for the campaign to be as successful as possible? How can you manage the campaign execution process when you arent necessarily the supervisor of the folks helping you out? How can you keep every stakeholder (your manager, the teams managers, your cross-functional team members, and your higher-ups) in the loop at every  moment? Continue reading this blog post to  learn how to: Draft an integrated marketing communications campaign proposal to get approval from the teams management to use their resources and talents to make your project successful. Turn your proposal into a serious campaign game plan complete with campaign execution and launch timeline. Break  every piece of content on your timeline into realistically delegable workflows that will help you crush your deadline. Keep the campaign on track every step of the way with proven project management frameworks. Lets turn you into an integrated marketing communications mastermind, shall we? How To Make The Best Integrated Marketing Communications Campaign In The World With Multiple TeamsUse Marketing Campaigns  To Manage Every Campaign In Looking for an easy way to collaborate across multiple teams? One place where you (and everyone else) can see everything? Well Check out Marketing Campaigns in . First, create your campaign, add a color label, and select your start and end dates. Next, add each individual project that will make up your marketing campaign. You can add things like blog posts, infographics, social media campaigns, webinars the list goes on. When adding a new project to your marketing campaign, you can create a custom task list for everyone on the team to know what to do and when. Learn More:  The Most Effective [+ Amazing] Way To Organize Your Marketing Campaigns Download Your Integrated Marketing Communications Templates To Turn What You Learn Into Action Immediately Your kit that complements this blog post specifically includes: An integrated marketing communications campaign proposal Word doc template to help you get  every stakeholder on board. A campaign execution and launch timeline Excel spreadsheet template to help you plan when your resources will complete the content  within your project. A marketing workflow process checklist to help you translate content into efficiently  delegable tasks your resources will execute. Download it now. Its well worth it. Trust me.Download your free integrated marketing communications template bundle here:Draft Your Integrated Marketing Communications Campaign Plan Your plan will include three key parts: A creative brief outlining why you're taking on this project, the audience you're targeting,  the verbiage you'll use to attract those folks, and more foundational elements  that will help your team understand the purpose of the campaign. A content and promotion campaign timeline that outlines the phases of work completed toward the ultimate publish date. This helps you understand when your cross-functional team will complete the work for each piece of content within the campaign. A human resources plan your campaign needs to be successful. This includes the names of the individuals you'll need to pull from other teams to get your campaign completed. ^^^ It's easier than it sounds, and the benefits of doing this give you a solid starting point for a conversation with your manager (to get campaign approval), which you can then take to the other teams' managers to get their approval. Let's dig in. Write Your Campaign's Creative Brief The first thing to nail down is the why. Why are you taking on this campaign right now? Why will it be successful? Why will your audience prefer your campaign on this topic compared to your competition (how will yours be better)? Anything you can do to back up those answers with your own data will help you prove why your team should take on this project right now. ^^^ The most effective way to do that is by citing how your  new campaign idea reflects qualities from your most successful projects you've  already launched. You can do this for yourself by: Setting Goals in Google Analytics. Tracking which pieces deliver the highest number toward those goals with a Google Analytics  Custom Report. Analyzing the qualities within those successful pieces to include content like them in your new campaign. Follow the instructions here for the extreme details on setting all of this up for yourself. At this point, you'll also want to  outline: Your target audience: Keep it simple; this could be, "{Audience title/role}  who have issues with {insert challenge}." Or, if you're feeling the pressure from office bureaucracy for a little more polished understanding of your target market, use this free template to create your own persona  and include it in  your campaign plan. Goal: While you based this campaign on ideas you know have already been successful, this goal isn't necessarily about laying out the "numbers" of what your campaign will generate (though you could include  that in your campaign plan, too, if your business needs the data).  Instead, write what you aim for your audience to experience. For example, "Attract the right kinds of {audience title/role} who will be interested in {company name's} {product/service}." Call to action: One clear call to action per piece gives your audience way fewer distractions. For your campaign, that likely means the same call to action across all pieces. In your creative brief, this could look something like this: Sign up for your free demo. Now  lay out the verbiage your audience uses to describe the challenges they face that your campaign will solve. This also includes the language they'd likely use to find the content  you're publishing within the campaign. At , we call this framework talking points or speaking points. It's an exercise to help you connect the dots between what you want to market and what your audience cares about. To do this, you can look at: Audience and/or customer user surveys: If you survey your audience, there is a plethora of information to look through to understand the actual words people use to describe their challenges. If you haven't surveyed your audience yet, it's easy. Use a tool like Polldaddy or SurveyMonkey, and ask one simple question: "Why did you hire/choose {company name}?" Open-ended questions give your audience the freedom to describe the why, which gives you the literal words they use (which, in turn, makes for excellent marketing copy). Blog post comments:  If you publish blog posts, your audience likely leaves comments through your comment system like Disqus. Those are GOLD for you to respond back and ask why they found the information helpful. Use their words in your marketing copy. Social media interactions: When someone shares your content or mentions you, you have the opportunity to  respond. In that response, you can ask, "Why?" Why did they share? What challenge were they facing that your content helped them solve? Now it's time to connect the dots between the words your customers, prospects, and audience uses and your  campaign's value proposition. Again, you'll use another why framework. Let's say your campaign is for a new service offering for  integrates one frequently used system or application with another. Ask: Why does my audience care about this new service? Because {insert benefit they get}. Why does my audience care about this {benefit from previous answer}? Because  {insert benefit they get}. Why does my audience care about this {benefit from previous answer}? Because  {insert benefit they get}. Why does my audience care about this {benefit from previous answer}? Because  {insert benefit they get}. Why does my audience care about this {benefit from previous answer}? Because  {insert benefit they get}. It's kind of like a why rabbit hole. You ask yourself, "Why?" Then you keep asking yourself, "Why?" to every answer you come up with.

War crime & crimes of aggression in international Essay

War crime & crimes of aggression in international - Essay Example Sometimes an enemy is dodged by waving a flag and then they are attacked, this also comes under war law violation. However, if an enemy is being deployed with the help of a parachute, then attacking them will not mean it is a war crime. However this rule is critical because in some areas it is not allowed to attack an enemy if they are being deployed from a damaged airplane. They cannot be attacked even if they have landed and are willing to surrender (ICRC, n.p, 1993)2. Genocide and mass murder also come under war crimes. If prisoners and civilians are ill treated then this is also considered as a violation of international war law. This ill treatment can also come under the crime against humanity. As the Nuremberg Trials and Tokyo trials, were held under the international humanitarian laws, there fore these have a significant impact on the war laws. "Wilful killing, torture or inhuman treatment, including... wilfully causing great suffering or serious injury to body or health, unlawful deportation or transfer or unlawful confinement of a protected person, compelling a protected person to serve in the forces of a hostile power, or wilfully depriving a protected person of the rights of fair and regular trial, ...taking of hostages and extensive destruction and appropriation of property, not justified by military necessity and carried out unlawfully and wantonly" (ICRC, n.p, 2005)3. It was after the World War... .taking of hostages and extensive destruction and appropriation of property, not justified by military necessity and carried out unlawfully and wantonly" (ICRC, n.p, 2005)3. It was after the World War II that people realized there should be some form of law that should stop violations against human rights. During the World War II the Nazis killed millions of people just because they were Jews. These people were killed very brutally. The Japanese also mistreated the prisoners during the Second World War. In 1945 and 1946 trials were held which lead to the execution of Nazi leaders. Several Japanese Commanders were also hanged in 1946 and 1948. The reasons for these trials were the war crimes these people did during the war (Smith, 1, n.d)4. Formerly, the international war laws addressed only the war crimes in an international conflict. Today an internal armed conflict can also have war crimes. The international human rights regime has changed over the last decade. Today, if anyone commits a war crime, even if it is a minor armed conflict within the country, the person can be subjected to a trial. Though war crimes have always existed yet formal war crime rules and regulations were established after the Second World War. Perfidy was one common and expected war crime for centuries. In 1899 and 1907, during The Hague Conventions, many rules and regulations were made clear. The Nuremberg Trials gave a new concept to war rules. It was published on August 8, 1945 in London. This has further clarified other forms of crimes done in a war (White, n.p. 2007)5. According to Article 22 of the Hague IV, "The right of belligerents to adopt means of

EBay Case Study Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

EBay Case Study - Term Paper Example There are number of ways through eBay creates value. State-of-the-art systems and tools have been developed by the company. Such tools and systems have increased the productivity of the network members. Furthermore more number of members is encouraged to join the network. Such tools include the Turbo Lister service and Seller’s Assistant. The first one is capable of tracking and managing thousands of mass listings on the home computers, whereas the second one helps new sellers as well as makes professional-looking online listings. EBay has also set up and maintained performance standards which augment the steadiness of the system. Buyers and sellers are allowed to rate each other. Such ranking system bolsters users’ confidence level Sellers having good reputation among the buyers, attain the Power Seller status and those having bad reputation are excluded from any kind of future transactions (Iansiti & Levien, â€Å"Creating Value in Your Business Ecosystem†). Mo reover, value created by eBay is shared with the members of the ecosystem. A moderate fee is charged from the users for allowing them to coordinate their various trading activities. Incentives in the form of special status (Power Seller) enhance the standards of the sellers and this benefits the entire ecosystem. c) What is the source of eBay’s competitive advantage? The major source of eBay’s competitive advantage is its social capital. Social capital is referred to the trust, goodwill and credibility.

Hals Hardware Essay Example for Free

Hals Hardware Essay Hal’s Hardware Inc. s regional, therefore they only have stores (14 of them) in three states. This scope of customers is a weakness because of their competitors such as Home Depot and Lowe’s are not regional Franchise Hardware Stores. Hal’s Hardware Inc. doesn’t have a good business process to deal with a national scale demand. The size of the products that can be delivered directly to the customer is also limited. Hal’s Hardware Inc. can adapt to an online website filled with the items they sell because all of they have a database of all their items they ever had. Hal’s Hardware Inc. will be able to expand their stores as well as apply their demonstrations online, have accessibility, and a will adopt new ways means of attracting customers. Convenience to the customers is especially possible to provide due to the ‘order online and pick-up in-store’ idea. Hal’s Hardware Inc. , if developing an e-commerce, will have to consider the factors of their decision. They will be facing immense competitions from larger Hardware industries and e-commerce Businesses who in which has a higher area profile, a vast scope of customers. With other e-commerce Businesses, the threat of losing manufacturing companies from selling via Hal’s Hardware Inc. , and directly selling their products online using e-commerce sites such as Amazon, and other sites with a wide target client coverage. There are numerous additions that the company may resort to in order to remain strong amidst other competitors. Hal’s Hardware can make use of the aspect of community and service that they’ve developed in-store and apply it on their website. This can be done in various ways. First, wanted ads from constructors should have a place on the website. From these projects, the web site could suggest tools and materials which would bring the attention of customers to certain items by showing how they can be used. Second, website could also be host for methods of instruction. In the store and tool demonstrations already occur. Online, the instruction manuals that they give out in store could be uploaded, for example. There could also be videos of the tool demonstrations to help online customers see the products in action. Third, seminars and workshops may be accessible online. Fourth, customers should be allowed to submit reviews of products that they’ve purchased either online or in-store. Moreover, schedules of seminars and workshops should be available online in order to advertise store events and draw in more people both to the website and to the store. With regard to their purchasing process, Hal’s Hardware should implement a way by which customers can find the store nearest to them prior to completing a transaction. Seeing as some items cannot be delivered directly to the customer due the size of the product and its effect on the price of shipping, the company should consider giving the customer the option of hipping their orders to their home or to a store. To go along with this, solid return and warranty policies should be constructed in order to cater customer satisfaction. To address areas in which their stock and resources are lacking, the company may make use of the site to post advertisements for manufacturers and distributors wh o would like to have their products or resources available in the store. Otherwise, the existence of a database will be a great help in forming the website. Stock will likely be updated as much as possible as the current database is changed in real-time. The amount of stock and location of products are already integrated into the current system. Both elements are incredibly useful to online customers. Overall, the website should focus on forming a good relationship between the company and the customers. The community atmosphere should translate to the website. The tight-knit nature of HHI’s customer community isn’t usually present in large chain stores. If the website contains features that nurture this, then it has a standing chance against its competitors.

Genesis 1-11 :: essays research papers

Genesis 1-11 My mind began to fill with questions and thoughts as I read the first eleven chapters of the Bible (see list of questions after my paper please). It never ceases to amaze me that I can repeatedly read chapters of the Bible and learn or notice something fresh each study session. A number of unique things occurred to me this time through. The fact that the Tigris and Euphrates have actually been on earth since Adam was placed in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 2:14) amazed me. To think that I, with the appropriate finances, could go and see part of the Garden of Eden is astounding. The list of the descendents of Adam (Genesis 5) allowed me to grasp that Noah was only nine generations removed from Adam. I found in one of my reference books that Noah’s father, Lamech, was only fifty-six years old at the time of Adam’s death. However, at the same time, this information was a little disappointing. Did the whole earth really fill with corruption and violence in just nine generations? This served as a definite reminder of the kind of world we are born into. Even so, God sends hope into these Bible passages with Noah’s presence. Noah himself gave me hope. I came to realize as I read that Noah was the first example of a genuinely righteous man in the Bible. With unbending confidence in God’s word, Noah began to build the Arc. Noah could nearly even be considered an in advance example of what Jesus would be like. For approximately 120 years, Noah preached God’s judgement, mercy, and the coming flood. However, people turned their heads at Noah and continued in their evil ways. Another interesting event was the first time rain fell from the heavens (Genesis 7:12). Before the great flood, water came up from the ground (Genesis 2:6). After the flood, Noah’s family was the only one on earth. With this data, we can assume that everyone is a descendent of Shem, Ham, or Japheth, Noah’s three sons. Therefore Noah’s family re-populated the earth. Different languages and cultures came when God spread the people all over the earth and confused mankind by separating their languages and geography (Genesis 11:7-9). Genesis 1-11 :: essays research papers Genesis 1-11 My mind began to fill with questions and thoughts as I read the first eleven chapters of the Bible (see list of questions after my paper please). It never ceases to amaze me that I can repeatedly read chapters of the Bible and learn or notice something fresh each study session. A number of unique things occurred to me this time through. The fact that the Tigris and Euphrates have actually been on earth since Adam was placed in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 2:14) amazed me. To think that I, with the appropriate finances, could go and see part of the Garden of Eden is astounding. The list of the descendents of Adam (Genesis 5) allowed me to grasp that Noah was only nine generations removed from Adam. I found in one of my reference books that Noah’s father, Lamech, was only fifty-six years old at the time of Adam’s death. However, at the same time, this information was a little disappointing. Did the whole earth really fill with corruption and violence in just nine generations? This served as a definite reminder of the kind of world we are born into. Even so, God sends hope into these Bible passages with Noah’s presence. Noah himself gave me hope. I came to realize as I read that Noah was the first example of a genuinely righteous man in the Bible. With unbending confidence in God’s word, Noah began to build the Arc. Noah could nearly even be considered an in advance example of what Jesus would be like. For approximately 120 years, Noah preached God’s judgement, mercy, and the coming flood. However, people turned their heads at Noah and continued in their evil ways. Another interesting event was the first time rain fell from the heavens (Genesis 7:12). Before the great flood, water came up from the ground (Genesis 2:6). After the flood, Noah’s family was the only one on earth. With this data, we can assume that everyone is a descendent of Shem, Ham, or Japheth, Noah’s three sons. Therefore Noah’s family re-populated the earth. Different languages and cultures came when God spread the people all over the earth and confused mankind by separating their languages and geography (Genesis 11:7-9).

Commercial banks Essay

ABSTRACT This report is based on corporate social responsibility. This project report contains the meaning of CSR which includes the advantage of CSR towards bank, society, responsibility of corporate houses, objective of CSR, motive of CSR, responsibility towards customer. This document is all about multidimensional growth of customers for which the bank liable for their service selling. This process leads to upliftment of people life. The banks are not bind to do so but the do these kind of activities for creating a goodwill sense among their customer which leads to growth in lifestyle of the overall society. This gives better environment to the society in which the bank is working. Hence, the present study titled â€Å"A STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TOWARDS CUSTOMERS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN MADURAI†, has assumed greater significance. INTRODUCTION Corporate social responsibility ( CSR, also called corporate conscience, corporate citizenship, social performance, or sustainable responsible business/Responsible Business) is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-regulation mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms. CSR is a process with aim to embrace responsibility for the banks actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere who may also be considered as stakeholders. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Banks play an active role for the economic development of any country. In a present competitive environment bank needs to retain its customer for effective development in any sector. Hence there arises need for corporate social responsibility then only it will leads to development of society as well as growth in bank sector. The present study aims to know the effectiveness of CSR in commercial banks with special reference to Madurai. In this context following questions arises. To measure the level of social obligation To measure the level of effectiveness of corporate social responsibility towards customers of commercial banks. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: To study the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility towards customers of commercial banks. METHODOLOGY The present study is an empirical one based on the survey method. First hand data was collected from the field through interview schedule. Data relating to various customers of commercial banks in Madurai was gathered through interview schedule. The schedule structured was extensively pretested. The survey envisaged the application of convenience sampling. Thus a sample of 300 respondents was decided upon nature of the commercial banks in Madurai. The survey was conducted during 2012-2013 in commercial banks from state Bank of India, Indian bank, Canara Bank, Karurvysya bank, HDFC bank, Axis bank, ICICI bank in Madurai. ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION GARRET RANKING Garret Ranking is used to find out the ranking for respondents opinion towards the enhancing customer value for public sector, private sector, and New generation banks. Step I:  Ranking given by respondents opinion on enhancing customer value TABLE 1 RANKING OF RESPONDENTS opinion towards enhancing customer value. S.No.AttributesRankTotal 12345 1.Sharing bank details1866231129300 2.Comfortable0120524880300 3.Time management00018282300 4.Man management1515765270300 5.Filling forms22120539213300 Source: Primary Data Step II : The assigned ranks by the respondents were converted into percent position value by the formula given below. For each percent position, Using Garrett’s table, corresponding Garrett’s table value is obtained. Formula Per cent Position = 100 (Rij – 0.5) / Nj Rij = Rank given for the ith variable by the jth respondent Nj = Number of variables ranked by the jth respondent. GARRETT’S TABLE VALUE RanksCalculationPercentageGarrett’s Table Value I Rank=100*(1-0.5)/5= 10= 75 II Rank=100*(2-0.5)/5= 30= 60 III Rank=100*(3-0.5)/5= 50= 50 IV Rank=100*(4-0.5)/5= 70= 40 V Rank=100*(5-0.5)/5= 90= 25 Source: Computed data. Step III: Scores are obtained with reference to Garrett’s Table value, and each percentage position value is converted into scores. Here each aggregated ranks are multiplied with corresponding the Garrett’s value obtained in the table. AGGREGATED RANKS Sl. No.AttributesRank 12345 1.Sharing bank details1395037201550840225 2.Comfortable07200260033602000 3.Time management00012607050 4.Man management113253420325018900 5.Filling forms1650720026506440325 Source: Computed data. Step IV: Summation of the scores is worked out for each rank column and means scores calculated by dividing the total score by the number of respondents. Finally, overall ranking is obtained by assigning ranks 1, 2, 3 †¦ in the descending order of mean score. OVERALL RANKING for respondents opinion on enhancing customer value S. No.ReasonTotal ScoreAverageRank 1.Sharing bank details2028567.6I 2.Comfortable1526050.53IV 3.Time management831027.7V 4.Man management1988566.28II 5.Filling forms1826560.89III INFERENCE It is observed from the table Sharing bank details† has been ranked as the first for the Man management has been ranked second, Filling forms third position, followed by Comfortable in fourth rank with Time management ranked as the fifth that influences the respondents opinion on enhancing customer value the in bank’s CONCLUSION Although creating customer satisfaction is not a prime motivation for instituting corporate social Responsibility programs , research linking CSR strategies with positive customer outcomes, such as loyalty, has led to the expectation that these strategies generally have positive flow-on effects for customers. Banking industry surveys have led to the identification of a mismatch between consumer satisfaction levels and massive spending on CSR programs. Further research is warranted. In view of research suggesting that retail banking customers prefer initiatives that create direct customer benefits compared to those that have broader social impacts. To conclude the CSR activities in all the three study banks are not effective. It is proper time on their to promote CSR related activities.